One of the requirements for sustainable operation of soil, water and environment resources in agricultural sector is addressing the sustainable development criteria in dam construction projects. In current research, multicriteria decision making methods (MCDM) including ELimination Et Choice Translating REality (ELECTRE), as a non-Compensatory model, and the Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS), as a Compensatory model, were applied to select proper site for Kandoleh dam in Kermanshah province. For this porpose, after determining the suitable criteria with the help of studies and experts' opinions, group decision making was applied to identify the weight of the criteria by measuring the decision-makers' agreement. Then, the four selected sites for the Kondoleh dam were ranked based on technical, economic, social, environmental criteria and the relevant sub-criteria. At the end, the results were compared togeather. In order to reach a consecsus in the rankings of the two mentioned models, integration methods such as grade average, Copeland and Borda were employed and finally the average method was employed to finalize the results of the integrated methods. Also, 17 sub-criteria were ranked for choosing the dam's site. Based on the results, alternatives ranking for the two models; ELECTRE and TOPSIS, was different. However, the results of the ELECTRE model are more consistent with the final result of the integration methods. The results presented in this study are applicable for selecting storage reservoirs based on sustainable development criteria in soil and water resources development projects.

The multiple criteria ABC inventory analysis method is a well-known inventory management method for inventory classification. In most ABC classification techniques, a completely Compensatory approach is adopted to classification problems with criteria aggregation. Hence, attention should be paid to nonCompensatory approaches with criteria aggregation. Our literature review revealed a lack of research on the non-Compensatory approach to this problem. The ELECTRE TRI model is based on outranking relations and adopts a Compensatory approach to calculations.However, this model has not been popular in determining preferences of decision makers (parameters) due to its complexity and costly nature. To solve the aforementioned problems, a method was proposed in this research which uses the particle swarm optimization algorithm and simultaneously learns all of the decision maker’s preferences from the data through an evolutionary process and uses it in inventory classification. Unlike the standard data mining models, which carry out nominal classifications, the proposed method offers ABC inventory classification. Results of testing the proposed method on inventory datasets revealed its potential to compete with other standard classification models.

Unsustainable dam construction causes an imbalance between water resources and environmental sustainability. Thus, it is crucial to observe the principles and criteria of sustainable development in dam construction, as one of the water supply methods. The variety and contradiction of these criteria together complicate the decision-making process of dam site selection. This requires Multi-criteria Decision Making (MCDM) models to achieve sustainable development goal. In this study, the priority of the construction site of Kandoleh Dam in Kermanshah province was investigated using different techniques of the MCDM including Simple additive weighting, compromise programming and Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP). For this purpose, after determining the appropriate criteria with the help of studies and experts' opinions, group decision making was employed to determine the weight of the criteria by measuring the decision-makers' agreement. Then, the four proposed sites for the Kondoleh dam were ranked based on technical, economic, social, environmental criteria and relevant sub-criteria. Finally, the results were compared. In addition to determining the best site, 17 sub-criteria were also ranked for electing this site. Based on experts' opinions, the economic criterion was the most important in selecting a suitable site. The results of the AHP model are similar to the other two methods for ranking options. The present study provides a valid and inexpensive approach for decision-makers to identify the best dam construction site to achieve sustainable development goals.

The obligation to compensate damage, as the main goal of civil responsibility, is an evident and global necessity. Nowadays, the extension of concept of damage and review of basis of obligation had led to the development of civil responsibility. However, all the consequences of harmful act have not a similar character and thinking on this matter represents the difference between the natures of cases of compensation. Therefore, it appears that distinguish between the alimentary and reparation that doer is obliged to compensate. Although civil responsibility in social transformation, has admitted the function of some other institutions, but the main goal of responsibility, is reparation and imposition of some costs on the cause of the accident make transformation in it’s Compensatory role to obligatory function that is out of civil responsibility. The separation of Compensatory and alimentary obligation have different outcomes that their analysis can provide the goals in civil liability, ensure the rights of the parties and social security.

Compensatory efforts, positive discrimination or reverse discrimination are the terms which nowadays are used in applied ethics for a set of efforts and privileges which are scheduled for compensation of the historical oppressions and discriminations imposed upon some groups and classes in the society. The mentioned oppressions and discriminations may be applied deliberately or inadvertently or negligently. Although these efforts and privileges were initially taken into account for black people and women, they can be adapted and executed for the other social groups or classes which have suffered from oppression and discrimination. Some forms of Compensatory efforts in Iran are the cases such as distributing the justice share and allocating quota for accepting students from the deprived areas. Advocates of these efforts have organized their argumentations in two main categories of past-directed arguments and future-directed arguments. After proposing the mentioned arguments and reporting the opponents. criticisms, this study has dealt with analyzing and evaluating the reasons of the two sides. Using the relative deprivation theories-which are among topics of political sciences-the authors have suggested an argument in favor of Compensatory efforts and it appears that in addition to other arguments of the advocates of the Compensatory efforts it can strengthen this position. The mentioned argument is a prospective type.

The present study aims at investigating the process of Compensatory lengthening in Kermanshahi Persian. According to the moraic theory, if a unit in the base layer or temporal manner has Mora, and that unit is removed in the phonological layer, its mora remains free in the layers of the mora or temporal, and thus Compensatory lengthening takes place to maintain syllable or word weight. This paper is devoted to investigating two types of Compensatory lengthening: one resulting from the deletion of a moraic consonant and the other being triggered through vowel deletion. The Compensatory lengthening caused by the second case leads to gemination. However, the Compensatory lengthening does not occur only in the vowel, but by removing the vowel, the adjoining consonant suffers Compensatory lengthening.

In order to investigate the Compensatory growth, comparison of carcass characteristics and feed intake in Atabay lambs, an experiment was conducted using 21 male lambs. Lambs of 5-6 months with the average of 35±5kg were divided to finishing treatments (first treatment), 30 (2nd treatment) and 60 days restriction groups (3rdtreatment). At the end of the experiment 4 lambs from each treatment were slaughtered for carcass analysis. The differences in characteristics of skin, head and leg, neck, flank+brisket, shoulder, chest and ribs, feet, back, hot carcass, cold carcass, bone carcass, hearts, kidney, lung, liver and fat-taile weights between the treatments was significant (p< 0.05). The result showed no significant differences in characteristics including full and empty gastrointestinal tract, tallow, back bone fat depth, fat carcass, back muscle carcass section and carcass length (p> 0.05). Feed conversion coefficient restricted treatments after the period of restriction compared with control treatment was decreased (2ndtreatment 12.18 and 5.98 - 3rdtreatment 4.08). Daily gain increasing between the treatments in the end period was not significant (p>0.05). Therefore, the 30 days restriction treatment was preferred for optimum feeding, saving in feed consumption and carcass with less fatness.